Indlela yokuthola uxhaso lwabangasebenzi ezikhwameni zesinxephezelo somndeni: izimfuneko nenani elitholakalayo

Ukungasebenzi kungaba ngesinye sezimo ezinzima kakhulu umuntu abhekana nazo. Ukungaqiniseki kwezezimali kubangela usizi nokukhathazeka. Nokho, kukhona usizo olunikezwayo ukuze kusizwe labo ababhekene nalesi simo.

EColombia, isibonelelo sokungasebenzi siyindlela ebalulekile yokusiza. Lolu sizo luhlinzekwa ngezikhwama zesinxephezelo somndeni. Lapha sizochaza ukuthi ungasithola kanjani lesi sibonelelo, ukuthi singakanani nokuthi yiziphi izimfuneko ezidingekayo.

Ukwazi ukuthi sisebenza kanjani isibonelelo sokungasebenzi kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuzinzeni kwezezimali komndeni. Ngezansi kunayo yonke imininingwane ebalulekile.

Awusebenzi? Thola ukuthi sisebenza kanjani isibonelelo sokungasebenzi esinikezwa yizikhwama zesinxephezelo somndeni.

Lapho umuntu ephelelwa umsebenzi, kuvamile ukuba angene esikhathini sokukhathazeka, sokudangala noma sokwesaba ngenxa yamathuba amancane okuthi angakwazi ukukhokha zonke izikweletu nezindleko zezinsiza zomphakathi, kanye nokusiza ngokwezimali ekondleni umuzi. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yalesi simo, uMbuso waseColombia wasebenzisa uMthetho 2225 ka-2022 ukuze kusungulwe imithetho ehlukahlukene, ukuze izikhwama zesinxephezelo somndeni zinikeze abantu abangasebenzi izinhlobo ezahlukene zosizo.

Simalini isibonelelo sokungasebenzi?

Isakhamuzi esifaka isicelo esikhungweni esibhalise kuso singathola isibonelelo isikhathi esingafika ezinyangeni ezi-4. Lesi sibonelelo sizokhokhwa ngenani elehla kancane, kusukela ku-40% kuya ku-10% ka-1.5 wamaholo amancane asemthethweni anyanga zonke akhona njengamanje. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inkokhelo yokuqala ingaba cishe ngu-$780.000 COP, ngokwalokho okushiwo eMthethweni.

Inkokhelo izolandela lolu hlelo:

• Inkokhelo yokuqala: 40% ka-1.5 SMMLV.
• Inkokhelo yesibili: 30% ka-1.5 SMMLV.
• Inkokhelo yesithathu: 20% ka-1.5 SMMLV.
• Inkokhelo yesine: 10% ka-1.5 SMMLV.

Usifaka kanjani isicelo sesibonelelo sokungasebenzi sezikhwama zesinxephezelo?

Bonke abantu baseColombia abangasebenzi nabake banikela eSikhwameni Sesinxephezelo Somndeni phakathi neminyaka emithathu edlule, isikhathi esingangonyaka okungenani, ngokuqhubekayo noma ngezikhathi ezithile, bangathola isibonelelo sokungasebenzi esadalelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa komphakathi uma belahlekelwa umsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu sizo alugcini ngemali kuphela: abantu abalutholayo bazophinde bathole iminikelo yohlelo lwezempilo neyempesheni isikhathi esingafika ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, ibalwe ngokusekelwe Emholweni Ophansi Osemthethweni Wanyanga Zonke Osebenzayo (SMLMV).

Yiziphi izimfuneko zokuthola isibonelelo sokungasebenzi?

Ukuze uthole lolu sizo olubalulekile, kubalulekile ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko ezithile ezibekiwe. Nazi izimfuneko eziyinhloko:

• Umsebenzi wakho kufanele ngabe usuphelile futhi ungasebenzi; noma, uma uzisebenza, akufanele ube nezinkontileka noma omunye umthombo wemali engenayo.
• Ukunikela eSikhwameni Sesinxephezelo Somndeni isikhathi esingangonyaka okungenani phakathi neminyaka emithathu edlule, ngokuqhubekayo noma ngezikhathi ezithile.
• Ukubhalisa kwenye yezinsizakalo eziqinisekisiwe zokuthola umsebenzi eziyingxenye Yenethiwekhi Yezinsizakalo Zokuqashwa.
• Ukubhalisa ezinhlelweni zokuqeqeshwa nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono ngokwemigomo ebekwe uHulumeni Kazwelonke.
• Ukuze bathole usizo lwemali, labo abahola amaholo afinyelela kwamabili amaholo amancane kufanele ngabe bonge okungenani u-10% wesilinganiso somholo wabo wanyanga zonke wonyaka odlule njengemali yesinxephezelo sokuphela komsebenzi. Kulabo abahola imali engaphezu kwaleyo, imali encane okufanele bayonge ingu-25%.

Nansi indlela yokuthola isibonelelo

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izimfuneko ezichazwe ekhasini loMnyango Wezabasebenzi, esigabeni esithi Mecanismo de Protección al Cesante (Indlela Yokuvikela Abaphelelwe Umsebenzi). Ukulandela le nqubo ngendlela efanele kuzokwandisa amathuba okugunyazwa kwesibonelelo sokungasebenzi, kunikeze usizo olubalulekile ngezikhathi zobunzima bezezimali.

Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi inhloso yalesi sibonelelo ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lwesikhashana ngesikhathi umuntu efuna umsebenzi. Inani lesibonelelo lingahluka kuye ngesikhwama sesinxephezelo obhalise kuso, kodwa ngokuvamile lolu sizo luhloselwe ukuthuthukisa isimo sezimali somuntu olutholayo.

Enye ingxenye ebalulekile yale nqubo ukuthola iseluleko ngokonga imali yesinxephezelo sokuphela komsebenzi nokuthi ingasetshenziswa kanjani ngempumelelo kanye nesibonelelo ukuze kukhokhelwe izindleko ezibalulekile. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlale uthintana nesikhwama sesinxephezelo ukuze usebenzise zonke izinzuzo onelungelo lokuzithola.

Kafushane, isibonelelo sokungasebenzi esihlinzekwa yizikhwama zesinxephezelo eColombia siyinsindiso kubantu abaningi. Ukusekelwa uMbuso okukule nqubo kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zidlule ezikhathini ezinzima. Ukwazi kahle izimfuneko nenqubo yokufaka isicelo kungenza umehluko ekukhokheleni izindleko ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi.

Ukuze uthole isibonelelo, akwanele ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko kuphela; kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola izinhlelo zokuqeqeshwa ezihlinzekwayo, ezingathuthukisa amakhono omsebenzi futhi ngaleyo ndlela zandise amathuba okuqashwa. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuba ubhekane nemakethe yezemisebenzi unamakhono angcono, wandise amathuba okubuyela emsebenzini ngokushesha.

Ekugcineni, isibonelelo sokungasebenzi siyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokuvikelwa komphakathi eColombia, esivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zilondoloze izinga elithile lenhlalakahle ngezikhathi ezibucayi. Okubalulekile ukuhlela kahle nokusebenzisa izinsiza namathuba ahlinzekwayo ukuze ukwazi ukuqhubekela phambili.